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1D-Var multilayer assimilation of X-band SAR data into a detailed snowpack model

Identifieur interne : 000136 ( France/Analysis ); précédent : 000135; suivant : 000137

1D-Var multilayer assimilation of X-band SAR data into a detailed snowpack model

Auteurs : Xuan Vu Phan [France] ; Laurent Ferro-Famil [France] ; Michel Gay [France] ; Y. Durand [France] ; M. Dumont [France] ; S. Morin [France] ; S. Allain [France] ; Guy D'Urso [France] ; A. Girard [France]

Source :

RBID : Hal:hal-01118432

English descriptors

Abstract

The structure and physical properties of a snow-pack and their temporal evolution may be simulated using meteorological data and a snow metamorphism model. Such an approach may meet limitations related to potential diver-gences and accumulated errors, to a limited spatial resolu-tion, to wind or topography-induced local modulations of the physical properties of a snow cover, etc. Exogenous data are then required in order to constrain the simulator and im-prove its performance over time. Synthetic-aperture radars (SARs) and, in particular, recent sensors provide reflectivity maps of snow-covered environments with high temporal and spatial resolutions. The radiometric properties of a snowpack measured at sufficiently high carrier frequencies are known to be tightly related to some of its main physical parame-ters, like its depth, snow grain size and density. SAR acqui-sitions may then be used, together with an electromagnetic backscattering model (EBM) able to simulate the reflectiv-ity of a snowpack from a set of physical descriptors, in or-der to constrain a physical snowpack model. In this study, we introduce a variational data assimilation scheme coupling TerraSAR-X radiometric data into the snowpack evolution model Crocus. The physical properties of a snowpack, such as snow density and optical diameter of each layer, are simu-lated by Crocus, fed by the local reanalysis of meteorological data (SAFRAN) at a French Alpine location. These snow-pack properties are used as inputs of an EBM based on dense media radiative transfer (DMRT) theory, which simulates the total backscattering coefficient of a dry snow medium at X and higher frequency bands. After evaluating the sensi-tivity of the EBM to snowpack parameters, a 1D-Var data assimilation scheme is implemented in order to minimize the discrepancies between EBM simulations and observa-tions obtained from TerraSAR-X acquisitions by modifying the physical parameters of the Crocus-simulated snowpack. The algorithm then re-initializes Crocus with the modified snowpack physical parameters, allowing it to continue the simulation of snowpack evolution, with adjustments based on remote sensing information. This method is evaluated us-ing multi-temporal TerraSAR-X images acquired over the specific site of the Argentière glacier (Mont-Blanc massif, French Alps) to constrain the evolution of Crocus. Results indicate that X-band SAR data can be taken into account to modify the evolution of snowpack simulated by Crocus.


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DOI: 10.5194/tc-8-1975-2014


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<addrLine>20, avenue des Buttes de Coësmes - CS 70839 - 35708 Rennes cedex 7</addrLine>
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<country>France</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Pays de la Loire</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Nantes</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Rennes</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Région Bretagne</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Rennes 1</orgName>
<orgName type="institution" wicri:auto="newGroup">Université européenne de Bretagne</orgName>
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<author>
<name sortKey="D Urso, Guy" sort="D Urso, Guy" uniqKey="D Urso G" first="Guy" last="D'Urso">Guy D'Urso</name>
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<orgName>EDF - Division Technique Générale</orgName>
<orgName type="acronym">DTG</orgName>
<desc>
<address>
<addrLine>21 rue de l'Europe - 38040 Grenoble Cedex</addrLine>
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<ref type="url">http://www.edf.fr</ref>
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</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Girard, A" sort="Girard, A" uniqKey="Girard A" first="A" last="Girard">A. Girard</name>
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<orgName>EDF - Division Technique Générale</orgName>
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</hal:affiliation>
<country>France</country>
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</author>
</analytic>
<idno type="DOI">10.5194/tc-8-1975-2014</idno>
<series>
<title level="j">The Cryosphere</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1994-0424</idno>
<imprint>
<date type="datePub">2014</date>
</imprint>
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<keywords scheme="mix" xml:lang="en">
<term>Assimilation</term>
<term>Electromagnetic</term>
<term>Model</term>
<term>Snowpack</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>The structure and physical properties of a snow-pack and their temporal evolution may be simulated using meteorological data and a snow metamorphism model. Such an approach may meet limitations related to potential diver-gences and accumulated errors, to a limited spatial resolu-tion, to wind or topography-induced local modulations of the physical properties of a snow cover, etc. Exogenous data are then required in order to constrain the simulator and im-prove its performance over time. Synthetic-aperture radars (SARs) and, in particular, recent sensors provide reflectivity maps of snow-covered environments with high temporal and spatial resolutions. The radiometric properties of a snowpack measured at sufficiently high carrier frequencies are known to be tightly related to some of its main physical parame-ters, like its depth, snow grain size and density. SAR acqui-sitions may then be used, together with an electromagnetic backscattering model (EBM) able to simulate the reflectiv-ity of a snowpack from a set of physical descriptors, in or-der to constrain a physical snowpack model. In this study, we introduce a variational data assimilation scheme coupling TerraSAR-X radiometric data into the snowpack evolution model Crocus. The physical properties of a snowpack, such as snow density and optical diameter of each layer, are simu-lated by Crocus, fed by the local reanalysis of meteorological data (SAFRAN) at a French Alpine location. These snow-pack properties are used as inputs of an EBM based on dense media radiative transfer (DMRT) theory, which simulates the total backscattering coefficient of a dry snow medium at X and higher frequency bands. After evaluating the sensi-tivity of the EBM to snowpack parameters, a 1D-Var data assimilation scheme is implemented in order to minimize the discrepancies between EBM simulations and observa-tions obtained from TerraSAR-X acquisitions by modifying the physical parameters of the Crocus-simulated snowpack. The algorithm then re-initializes Crocus with the modified snowpack physical parameters, allowing it to continue the simulation of snowpack evolution, with adjustments based on remote sensing information. This method is evaluated us-ing multi-temporal TerraSAR-X images acquired over the specific site of the Argentière glacier (Mont-Blanc massif, French Alps) to constrain the evolution of Crocus. Results indicate that X-band SAR data can be taken into account to modify the evolution of snowpack simulated by Crocus.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>France</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Pays de la Loire</li>
<li>Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Région Bretagne</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Grenoble</li>
<li>Nantes</li>
<li>Rennes</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université Grenoble-Alpes</li>
<li>Université Joseph Fourier</li>
<li>Université de Grenoble</li>
<li>Université de Nantes</li>
<li>Université de Rennes 1</li>
<li>Université européenne de Bretagne</li>
</orgName>
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<tree>
<country name="France">
<region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">
<name sortKey="Phan, Xuan Vu" sort="Phan, Xuan Vu" uniqKey="Phan X" first="Xuan Vu" last="Phan">Xuan Vu Phan</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Allain, S" sort="Allain, S" uniqKey="Allain S" first="S" last="Allain">S. Allain</name>
<name sortKey="D Urso, Guy" sort="D Urso, Guy" uniqKey="D Urso G" first="Guy" last="D'Urso">Guy D'Urso</name>
<name sortKey="Dumont, M" sort="Dumont, M" uniqKey="Dumont M" first="M" last="Dumont">M. Dumont</name>
<name sortKey="Durand, Y" sort="Durand, Y" uniqKey="Durand Y" first="Y" last="Durand">Y. Durand</name>
<name sortKey="Ferro Famil, Laurent" sort="Ferro Famil, Laurent" uniqKey="Ferro Famil L" first="Laurent" last="Ferro-Famil">Laurent Ferro-Famil</name>
<name sortKey="Gay, Michel" sort="Gay, Michel" uniqKey="Gay M" first="Michel" last="Gay">Michel Gay</name>
<name sortKey="Girard, A" sort="Girard, A" uniqKey="Girard A" first="A" last="Girard">A. Girard</name>
<name sortKey="Morin, S" sort="Morin, S" uniqKey="Morin S" first="S" last="Morin">S. Morin</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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